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Communist Terror
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NATIONAL AGENCIES

Poland

The Institute of National Remembrance

Czech Republic

The Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism

List of the aides of the Czech State Security

Information on cases investigated by The Office for documentation and the investigation of the crimes of communism

Romania

The National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives

Bulgaria

Committee for disclosing and announcing affiliation of bulgarian citisens to the State Security and the intelligence services of the Bulgarian national Army

Access and Disclosure of Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Arm?d Services Act, 19.12.2006

The KARTA Center is an independent non-governmental organization (incorporated as a foundation), documenting and popularizing the recent history of Poland and Eastern Europe. It continues the activities of the illegal "Karta" and the clandestine Eastern Archives of the 1980s.

 

 
Memorial is a movement which arose in the years of perestroika. Its main task was the awakening and preservation of the societal memory of the severe political persecution in the recent past of the Soviet Union. Memorial is a group of specialized research, human rights, and education centers in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and several other cities. Memorial is a museum, a repository of documents, and a number of specialized libraries. Memorial is wide-ranging and simultaneous scrupulous historical research of topics that were until recently inaccessible to Russian scholars: the GULag, the history of the security organizations VChK (the Cheka)-OGPU-NKVD-MGB-KGB, statistics on political repression in the Soviet Union, and dissidents' resistance during the Khrushchev-Brezhnev era. Memorial is the undertaking of risky observation missions to "hot spots" on the territory of the CIS. Memorial is mountains of factual material, collected in regions of armed conflict. It is painstaking verification and analysis of the collected material, and the preparation and publication of reports on the conditions in Nagorno-Karabakh, Tajikistan, Transdnistria, in the zone of Ossetian-Ingushetian conflict, and, finally, in Chechnya.
Our task is not to teach society, but to find the facts, collect them, contemplate them, and to publish them. What will come of this uncomfortable truth – will it be grasped by society or it reject with disgust – this is the choice of the historical journey. It is a no less important choice than the choice of state form or economic structure.
Ten years ago, Memorial began the systematic collection of evidence about the communist terror. Tens of thousands of people – former convicts, their relatives and friends – gave Memorial their materials on their own initiative. During these years, a substantial archive on the history of repression was collected.
 
Bukovsky's Soviet Archives at INFO-RUSS
It is a huge collection of documents directly copied from archives of KPSS (former communist party of former Sov Union) including KGB ("Komitet of Gosudarstevennoi Bezopasnosti") reports to its Central Committee.
The initiative of starting this endeavor belonged to Julia Zaks, a "veteran" emigre, whose dissident activity track in Moscow goes back 30+ years. L. Chernikhov who joined the work at a later stage, did a great job on re-organizing the documents according to the subject and cross-referencing it." Alex Kaplan
Ideology and Politics of Soviet Communist Party (KPSS); KPSS and Terror in the USSR; Suppression of Dissisdents; KPSS and Communist World; KPSS and Non-Communist World; Communist Terror in the World; Some Aspects of Soviet International Politics.

Imagine that in 1945 the allies wanted from the nazism perestroika instead of capitulation - what would have happened ? In a few years the nazis would have re-grouped and seized the government under a different name; their organization was strong in whole Europe and they were closely allied.
Vladimir Bukovsky

 
Pro&Anti's e-Edition - the Bulgarian nespaper containing recollections of the communist oppression. A book of these recollections is on its way.
 

Peter Semerdjiev: The Things I Know About the People's Tribunal in 1944-1945
Functionary of the Bulgarian Communist Party at average level, as first secretary of the Party in Sliven at the time of the communist terror, Petar Semerdjiev witnessed abductions and murders executed upon orders from the leadership of the Communist Party in the first days after 9 September 1944.
In Bulgarian.
English translation

 

The KGB Cells Museum
The KGB Cells Museum is situated in the "gray house" in Tartu, Estonia, which in the 1940s-1950s housed the South Estonian Centre of the NKVD/KGB. The remaining former cells house an exposition which gives a good survey of the history of the Estonian Resistance Movement and the crimes of the communist regime. In the display you can find plans drawn by the Soviet authorities for conducting deportation operations, leaflets distributed by the schoolchildren's underground organizations, objects from the GULAG prison camps, as well as a great number of other photos and documents illustrating Estonian near history. In Estonia the total number of people who fell victims to different repressions from the security organs amounted to approximately 122,000 and more than 30,000 of them lost their life.

 

Prague 1968 - Photos

 

The Katyn Forest Massacre
Links to other Katyn related sites, WW2 sites, information sources and points of interest.
In April 1940, nearly twenty-two thousand Polish prisoners were rounded up, transported to Katyn and various other sites, and executed. They included army officers, civil servants, landowners, policemen, ordinary soldiers, and prison officers. They were lined up, made to dig their own mass graves, and shot in the back of the neck. The victims were never tried or presented with any charges. The executions were ordered personally by Stalin in a memorandum dated March 5, 1940, to Lavrenti Beria, the head of the NKVD (predecessor of the KGB). Per Stalin's instructions, the prisoners were to receive the "supreme measure of punishment—shooting. Brian Crozier, Hoover Digest
Authentic Documents on the massacre of Polissh officers in Katin
Katyn - a Russian site, Y. Krasilnikov

 

The Digital Archive Of Cambodian Holocaust Survivors
This project is the result of many people from many different places coming together for one reason: to increase awareness and encourage Cambodian holocaust survivors to record their stories. We appreciate your help in preserving these important memories for future generations.

 

The Laogai Research Foundation
The Laogai Research Foundation has documented over 1,000 Laogai camps in China. The exact numbers of prisoners in any particular camp is constantly changing according to varying shifts in the political climate. Counting those imprisoned in five of the six categories listed above (the LRF does not count those in detention centers, as that number the most variable and difficult to ascertain), the Laogai Research Foundation estimates that the Laogai population is between 4 to 6 million prisoners.

 

The Cambodian Genocide Program
The Cambodian genocide of 1975-1979, in which approximately 1.7 million people lost their lives (21% of the country's population), was one of the worst human tragedies of the last century. Since 1994, the Cambodian Genocide Program, a project of the Genocide Studies Program at the Yale Center for International and Area Studies, has been studying these events to learn as much as possible about the tragedy, and to help determine who was responsible for the crimes of the Pol Pot regime. In Phnom Penh in 1996, for instance, we obtained access to the 50,000-page archive of that defunct regime's security police, the Santebal. This material has been microfilmed by Yale University's Sterling Library and made available to scholars worldwide. As of December 2002, we have also compiled and published 22,000 biographic and bibliographic records, and over 6,000 photographs, documents, translations, and maps.
in Khmer, in Thai, auf Deutsch

 

The Museum of Genocide Victims, Vilnius, Lithuania

 

The Lithuanian Center for the Research of Genocide and Resistance

 

The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
To commemorate the more than 100 million victims of Communism, to honor those who successfully resisted Communist tyranny, to educate current and future generations about the winning of the Cold War, and to document Communism's continuing crimes against humanity, The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation has been formed to build the Victims of Communism Memorial Museum.

 

Revelations from the Russian Archives (from the Library of Congress)
Repression and Terror:
Stalin in Control; Kirov Murder and Purges; Secret Police; The Gulag; Collectivization and Industrialization; Anti-Religious Campaigns; Attacks on Intelligentsia: Early Attacks, Renewed Attacks, Censorship, Suppressing Dissidents; Ukrainian Famine; Deportations; Jewish Antifascist Committee; Chernoblyl Perestroika

 

Collectivization as a national downfall
Rich archive containing documents and memories about the forced collectivization in the Soviet Union, kolkhozes*, starvation and violent Soviet government.
In Russian.
* Collective farms in the Soviet Union.

 

Interns of 1933. Anatomy of the Nazin tragedy
Documents about the events which took place in the spring and autumn of 1933 when during the mass displacements about 6 million people were driven to an island of the Ob River and abandoned there. One forth of the people died in less than a month and the island received the name Island of Death.
In Russian.

 

The Kremlin archives. Politburo* and Church (1922 -1925)
Documents about seizure of Church valuables and bells, trails against Russian and Polish priests and the trail against Patriarch Tyhon.
In Russian.
* The chief political and executive committee of a Communist party.

 

History of the Soviet Dissidents Program
Memorial Project
In the Program:

Dissident activities in the 50s and until 80s. Personalities
Organized by type of activity and by names.

Chronicle of the current events
Typewritten informational bulletin issued by advocates for human rights for 15 years period between 1968 and 1983.

In Russian.

 

They shot at us like they shot at crows
The story of Luben Kardjiev from Silistra (Bulgaria) about the political oppression he has survived, the prison and the Belene concentration camp.

 

Andrei Saharov - Pictures and links to websites about Saharov:

A museum and Public Centre "A. Saharov"
Memories about Saharov (Plus minutes from the meeting of the General Assembly of the USSR Academy of Science of 22-26 June - the clash between Saharov and Lisenko and the minutes from the Politburo meeting of 1 December 1968 at which Saharov's return to Moscow was permitted)

 

Church Newspaper: Bulgarian New Martyrs
Biographical facts about orthodox priests persecuted or murdered by the communist government

 

State Security and Bulgarian writers

Literary critic Vladimir Vasilev - 'Shadow of the unicorn', Tsveta Trifonova, Literary newspaper (continuation in issue 1, 2001)

Tsvetan Marangozov - "Denunciation as a genre of literatute", Literary newspaper
The writer Tsvetan Marangozov reveals part of his dossier

 

Bulgarian martyrs - victims of the communist terror in Bulgaria 1923-2002 canonized by the Orthodox Church

 

Alexander Dobrinov, Drawings from the central Sofia prison 1944-1945
Alexander Dobrinov is a famous Bulgarian caricaturist and cartoonist, one of the defendants in the Sixth court trial (against intellectuals) of the People's court 1944-1945

 

Concise dictionary of prisoner's world
Jacque Rossi's "GULAG Reference book" about the Soviet prisons and camps in 30s - 50s of the XX century was used as a source

 
Vilnius International Public Tribunal on the Evaluation of Crimes of Communism
 
House of Terror, Hungary
 
The Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance was initiated in 1992 by the President of the Civic Alliance, Ana Blandiana, together with Romulus Rusan and an important group of historians, architects and designers. In 1998, The Council of Europe designated the Sighet Memorial as one of the main memorial sites of the continent, alongside the Auschwitz Museum and the Peace Memorial in Normandy.
Made up of a Museum - situated in the former political prison in Sighet (Romania) - and an International Center for Studies about Communism - with its headquarters in Bucharest - The Memorial aims to rebuild the memory of certain nations, particularly the Romanians, who for half of a century have been misled with a false history.
 
A Gulag and Holocaust Memoir of Janina Sulkowska-Gladun
Janina was a university student when Hitler and Stalin invaded Poland in 1939. "Janka" joined the underground with friends, but in 1940 she was arrested by the NKVD, tortured and shipped to the Gulag. Her entire family would be deported to Siberia, and many relatives and friends suffered and died at the hands of the Soviets and Nazis. Janina's memoir chronicles her amazing odyssey, starting with the invasion of Poland, as a prisoner in the outposts of the Gulag, her survival in the USSR and escape, and finally exile in India and England.
 
East German Propaganda
A collection of translations of propaganda material from the East German era.
 
The Moscow Helsinki Group
Moscow Helsinki Group is the oldest contemporary Russian human rights organization. It was founded on May, 12 1976.
 

The Open Society Archives - OSA is an archives and a center for research and education. Its collections and activities relate to the period after the Second World War, mainly The Cold War, The history of the formerly communist countries, Human rights, and War crimes.

Forced Labor Camps
on-line exhibition

 
Crimes of Communism Against Ukraine And Her People
 

The Museum of the Occupation of Latvia (1940-1991)
The Occupation Museum in Riga was established in 1993 by the Occupation Museum Foundation (OMF) to provide information about Latvia and its people under two occupying totalitarian regimes from 1940 to 1991
remind the world of the wrongdoings committed by foreign powers against the state and the people of Latvia
remember those who perished, who suffered, and who fled the terror of the occupying regimes.

 

Stalin-Era Research and Archives Project
The Stalin-Era Research and Archives Project (SERAP) is a collaborative, multidisciplinary undertaking based at the Centre for Russian and East European Studies at the University of Toronto. With support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Project seeks to stimulate the reinterpretation of politics and society in the USSR under Stalin through the use of newly declassified archival materials.

 

Crimes against Humanity
The Progress Report of Latvia's History Commission: Crimes against Humanity Committed in the Territory of Latvia from 1940 to 1956 during the Occupations of the Soviet Union and National Socialist Germany

 

Tiananmen Mothers Campaign
Testimonies of the families of those killed and wounded in the Massacre, June 4, 1989; Lists of Known Victims, complied by June Fourth Victims' network; Solidarity Efforts / Activities

 

Human Rights In China is an international non-governmental organization founded by Chinese scientists and scholars in March 1989.

 
The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Since its establishment in 1999, the PHP has initiated large-scale declassification of military materials from the Communist era in Central and East European archives. It has collected thousands of documents on the security aspects of the Cold War.
 

Hoover Institution Library and Archives

Archives of the Soviet Communist Party and Soviet State: Microfilm Collection

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty records

 

Institute of Contemporary History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
was established on 1 February, 1990. The subject of Czech contemporary history is that period during which Czech society was both the subject and object of the totalitarian ideologies and regimes that so tragically influenced the twentieth century, namely Nazism and Communism. In particular, research focused on the establishment of the Communist regime in 1948, its crisis and the Soviet intervention in 1968, the fall of the regime in 1989, repression, and the nature of the opposition to the Communist regime in 1989. In 1999 was established a new department dealing with the Second World War and the German occupation.

 

Centre for Post-Communist Studies

Bibliography on Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe

 

A video from a North Korean prison camp in Yudok

Video shows harsh life in N. Korean camp, Reuters

 
Museum of Communism in Prague
 
Cold War Museum in Washington
 
Gulag - drawings, maps of the prison camps in East Siberia, West Siberia and Ural
 

U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea

The Hidden Gulag: Exposing North Korea’s Prison Camps
Prisoners’ Testimonies and Satellite Photographs

 
Cold War History Research Center - Budapest
 

GULAG camps in the USSR
Collected informations on the Soviet forced labor system.Hungarian site.

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